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Central to ensuring the continued functional capacities, social engagement, and independence of older persons, and meeting their specific needs, are diverse assistive health and information/communication technologies. Yet many obstacles can prevent equitable access to or use of the most basic of these technologies. A few include not including older persons in design, ignoring affordability and appropriateness (environment, culture) considerations, literacy levels, or not planning for how technology can be integrated into the home and health/social care systems. A new ecosystem must engage multiple stakeholders and disciplines. For example, innovators, producers, regulators, and financiers must work together to identify the nature and role of health technology assessments & evaluations, which government will use to make resource allocation decisions in finite environments. The WHO Kobe Centre leads work in exploring various technological innovations and related issues for ageing populations, persons with disabilities and health systems; and the relationship to planning for sustainable universal health coverage.

Key to garnering political and financial support for programmes to achieve age friendly cities and communities is the availability of information on the impact and cost of various interventions, access, and population inequities. The WHO Centre for Health Development (Kobe) researched, developed, tested and disseminated a Monitoring Framework and Core Set of Indicators for cities and communities to monitor and measure their "age friendliness". Evidence enables cities to set targets and policy, and to enhance collaboration between governments, researchers, non-profits, and other members of communities concerned about our health and well-being as we age.

By 1914, commercial and other photographers were beginning to produce stunning images of the built environment across Europe, including in Spain and Germany. In Madrid, Jaime Murillo Rubiera and Mario Fernández Albarés had started to photograph aspects of the unfolding extension to the city, which began in 1860 and progressed rapidly after 1875. Away from the capital in Barcelona, Joan Martí and Antoni Esplugas captured the dramatic improvements to the cityscape that began with defortification in 1854 and the adoption of an extension plan in 1860. In particular, Esplugas presented unmistakable images of progress in the form of long boulevards disappearing into the distance (Figure 1). A similar enthusiasm for the changing urban landscape was also evident in Germany. In Berlin, Hermann Rückwardt captured the capital's straight streets and modern buildings laid out according to the extension plan of 1862, and F. Albert Schwartz photographed contrasting historical façades along Berlin's growing street network. Indeed by the turn of the century, Germans in other cities such as Munich and Cologne were scaling new heights to photograph growing urban landscapes. The modern cityscapes captured by Spanish and German photographers were the result of ambitious extension plans implemented across Europe between 1848 and 1914. Historians have written at length about these post-1848 extension plans, foregrounding the expressly logistical considerations of planners in shaping space. That is, we have produced investigations into the practical considerations of drafting urban plans, designing new apartment blocks, and building municipal facilities. Such research has yielded valuable insights into the processes of legal and administrative reform needed to expand cities, as well as the effects extension planning had on processes and motion, including the separation of social classes in the city, the relative distribution of public amenities, and the emergence of housing reform movements. But as photographs of the new cityscape ...

On paper, the United Kingdom (UK) has the architecture in place to actually start delivering sustainable development. The current UK-wide framework for sustainable development and the individual strategies made under it are all relatively modern and progressive in considering environmental limits and long-term effects. This framework, however, lacks a legislative foundation in the UK. Moreover, these strategies are not delivering in the three areas considered vital for the proper implementation of sustainable development—improving understanding, providing a comprehensive framework to integrate potentially conflicting priorities and providing an operational toolkit. This article argues that over and above its symbolic and educational value, specific legislation setting out the state's approach to sustainable development should impose mandatory obligations on policy and decision makers, with meaningful consequences both inside and outside the courtroom. Using examples from Wales, Canada and Scotland, it explores three legislative models to support the implementation of sustainable development that would be suitable in the UK and its devolved administrations, and the legislative provisions necessary for their delivery. This article emphasises the benefits of procedural obligations, both by themselves and in support of more substantive obligations, along with the possibility that certain appropriately worded substantive duties be treated as legal rules that govern decision-making. It explores the benefits and drawbacks of including a definition of 'sustainable development' and of referring to specific underlying principles such as the precautionary principle, concluding that these elements may not be necessary or suitable in the UK. The article also contends that sustainable development ought to be the central organising principle of government in the UK, and that even if a weaker and less ambitious formulation is adopted, legislative backing for the production, use and review of sustainability strategies would still improve understanding, provide a framework for decision-making and clarify the use and importance of other implementation devices.

CROSS-REGIONAL TRENDS AND REGIONAL VARIATIONS IN THE PATTERNS OF THIRD WORLD ARMS IMPORTS ARE EXAMINED IN THE FIRST SECTION OF THIS ARTICLE. IN THE SECOND SECTION, AN ANALYSIS OF THE THIRD WORLD'S DEMONSTRATED DEFENSE INDUSTRIAL CAPABILITIES IS PROVIDED. POLITICAL, MILITARY, AND ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF PATTERNS AND TRENDS IN THE ARMING OF THE DEVELOPING WORLD AND GUIDELINES FOR LIMITING (OR, MORE ACCURATELY, MANAGING AND COPING WITH) THE DIFFUSION OF CONVENTIONAL MILITARY CAPABILITIES ARE OUTLINED IN THE CONCLUDING SECTION.

CONTRARY TO POPULAR OPINION, THE LYONS OVERSEAS TRADE POLICY, INCLUDING THE TRADE DIVERSION OF 1936, WAS RATIONALLY PLANNED RATHER THAN IMPROVISED. OVERSEAS TRADE POLICY WAS INTIMATELY LINKED TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY AND INVOLVED CONSIDERATION OF SUCH FACTORS AS ECONOMIC POLICY, TECHNOLOGY, POPULATION GROWTH, AND DEFENSE. IN THE TRADE DIVERSION EPISODE, THE STAKES WERE MORE THAN ADDITIONAL MEAT CONCESSIONS FROM BRITAIN. IT WAS ATTEMPTING TO FEND OFF A TRADE WAR WITH BRITAIN BROUGHT ON BY THE LYONS GOVERNMENT'S DETERMINATION TO DEVELOP MORE SECONDARY INDUSTRY IN AUSTRALIA. THIS NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY WAS BASED ON THE REALIZATION THAT ONLY AN ENHANCED SECONDARY INDUSTRY COULD PROVIDE THE EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES NECESSARY TO ATTRACT A LARGER POPULATION. THIS POPULATION INCREASE WAS NEEDED TO PROVIDE A LARGER DOMESTIC MARKET FOR PRIMARY PRODUCTS AND A GREATER DEGREE OF DEFENSE SECURITY.

TRACES THE ROLE OF THE LIBERAL CAPRICORN AFRICA SOCIETY (CAS) IN THE CREATION OF AN INDEPENDENT TANGANYIKA. THE CAS, ALTHOUGH DOMINATED BY EUROPEANS, INCLUDED ALL RACES IN ITS MEMBERSHIP. DISCUSSES THE ACTIVITIES OF ITS LEADER, DAVID STIRLING. OF PARTICULAR NOTE ARE THE REACTIONS OF EUROPEANS, PARTICULARLY FARMERS, TO CAS; RELATIONS WERE NOT ALWAYS CORDIAL.

"From the father-and-son team of Michael and Christopher Ross comes this unique devotional combining your kid's love of sports with faith and life lessons to encourage growth. Your child will be inspired by tons of pro tips from sports superstars, including Tim Tebow, Stephen Curry, Allyson Felix, and many more. These forty devotions feature stories from 15-year-old Christopher's world, plus kid-relevant teachings that bring Bible verses to life. Your kid will get the game plan for making good decisions in three key areas: With the Team--learning godly sportsmanship At School--having A+ encounters with teachers and friends With Family--scoring big with parents and siblings A Kid's Game Plan for Great Choices will help your child see the connection between the things they love and the One who loves them"--

Ever since George Washington warned against "foreign entanglements" in his 1796 farewell speech, the United States has wrestled with how to act toward other countries. Consequently, the history of anti-Americanism is as long and varied as the history of the United States. In this multidisciplinary collection, seventeen leading thinkers provide substance and depth to the recent outburst of fast talk on the topic of anti-Americanism by analyzing its history and currency in five key global regions: the Middle East, Latin America, Europe, East Asia, and the United States. The commentary draws from social science as well as the humanities for an in-depth study of anti-American opinion and sentiment in different cultures. The questions raised by these essays force us to explore the new ways America must interact with the world after 9/11 and the war against Iraq. Contributors: Greg Grandin, Mary Louise Pratt, Ana Maria Dopico, George Yudice, Timothy Mitchell, Ella Shohat, Mary Nolan, Patrick Deer, Vangelis Calotychos, Harry Harootunian, Hyun Ok Park, Rebecca E. Karl, Moss Roberts, Linda Gordon, and John Kuo Wei Tchen.